{"product_id":"the-shortest-history-of-turkey","title":"The Shortest History of Turkey","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBenjamin C. Fortna\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePaperback, 256 pages\u003cbr\u003e9798893031232\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom the Ottoman Empire to the Turkish Republic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThrough more than nine centuries of shifting borders, environmental change, and political evolution, Turkey has been a cultural melting pot and a nation-state bent on ethnic unity. It has seen conquest and reform, appeals to tradition and calls to modernize. It has been a home to Christians, Jews, Muslims, and more, and it has aggressively pursued both secularization and Islamization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBuilt on the foundations of the Ottoman Empire-the most enduring, and perhaps the most important, Islamic empire in history-Turkey's long, complex history is beset by political and religious turmoil. But the country's national story also illuminates a rich culture developed over thousands of years, reflecting culinary diversity, artisan craftsmanship, and architectural achievement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this concise yet nuanced overview, historian Benjamin Fortna examines Turkey's complex trajectory from ancient Byzantine civilization to modern republic, through to the present-day leadership by the populist, authoritarian President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. In just 250 pages, Fortna reveals how opposing visions of Turkey have shaped its national identity and its people-and its place in contemporary history.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"The Experiment","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":43371945033763,"sku":"9798893031232","price":32.0,"currency_code":"SGD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/2514\/8624\/files\/DSC_0255.jpg?v=1784635037","url":"https:\/\/wardahbooks.com\/products\/the-shortest-history-of-turkey","provider":"Wardah Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}